netic effect of consanguineous and cousin
marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal ab-
errations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations
(disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations –
Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super
female (XXX), intersex and other
syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syn-
drome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat
syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease,
genetic screening, genetic counseling,
human DNA profiling, gene mapping
and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of
morphological variation of non-metric and
metric characters. Racial criteria, racial
traits in relation to heredity and environ-
ment; biological basis of racial classifica-
tion, racial differentiation and race cross-
ing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as
genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups,
HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes.
Physiological characteristics-Hb level,
body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions
and sensory perceptions in different cul-
tural and socio-economic groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological
Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations –
Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s
physiological responses to environmental
stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude cli-
mate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health
and disease. Infectious and non-infectious
diseases. Nutritional deficiency related dis-
eases.
10. Concept of human growth and devel-
opment: stages of growth - pre-natal, na-
tal, infant, childhood, adolescence, matu-
rity, senescence.
- Factors affecting growth and develop-
ment genetic, environmental, bio-
chemical, nutritional, cultural and
socio-economic.
- Ageing and senescence. Theories and
observations - biological and chrono-
logical longevity. Human physique and
somatotypes. Methodologies for
growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause
and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility pat-
terns and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories- biological,
social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological fac-
tors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality
and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthro-
pology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthropology in designing of defence and
other equipments, Forensic Anthropology,
Methods and principles of personal identi-
fication and reconstruction, Applied human
genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic
counseling and eugenics, DNA technol-
ogy in diseases and medicine,
serogenetics and cytogenetics in repro-
ductive biology.
PAPER – II
1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civi-
lization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic,
Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic -
Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civiliza-
tion): Pre- Harappan, Harappan and post-
Harappan cultures. Contributions of tribal
cultures to Indian civilization.
1.2 Palaeo – anthropological evidences
from India with special reference to Siwaliks
and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus,
Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India : The con-
cept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and
Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fish-
ing, pastoral and peasant communities in-
cluding arts and crafts producing commu-
nities.
2. Demographic profile of India — Ethnic and
linguistic elements in the Indian population
and their distribution. Indian population - fac-
tors influencing its structure and growth.
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional
Indian social system — Varnashram,
Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste system in India- structure and
characteristics, Varna and caste, Theories
of origin of caste system, Dominant caste,
Caste mobility, Future of caste system,
Jajmani system, Tribe- caste continuum.
3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature- Man-
Spirit Complex.
3.4 Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and
Christianity on Indian society.
4. Emergence and growth of anthropology
in India-Contributions of the 18th, 19th and
early 20th Century scholar-administrators.
Contributions of Indian anthropologists to
tribal and caste studies.
5.1 Indian Village: Significance of village
study in India; Indian village as a social
system; Traditional and changing patterns
of settlement and inter-caste relations;
Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Im-
pact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and
their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes
of socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Moderni-
zation; Inter-play of little and great tradi-
tions; Panchayati raj and social change;
Media and social change.
6.1 Tribal situation in India – Bio-genetic
variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of tribal populations and
their distribution.
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities —
land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low
literacy, poor educational facilities, unem-
ployment, underemployment, health and
nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their im-
pact on tribal displacement and problems
of rehabilitation. Development of forest
policy and tribals. Impact of urbanization
and industrialization on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and depriva-
tion of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Con-
stitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes
and Scheduled Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal
societies: Impact of modern democratic in-
stitutions, development programmes and
welfare measures on tribals and weaker
sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic con-
flicts and political developments; Unrest
among tribal communities; Regionalism
and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribal-
ism; Social change among the tribes dur-
ing colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Chris-
tianity, Islam and other religions on tribal
societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state — a compara-
tive study of tribal communities in India and
other countries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal ar-
eas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of
tribal development and their implementa-
tion. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal
Groups), their distribution, special
programmes for their development. Role
of N.G.O.s in tribal development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural
development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the
understanding of regionalism, communa-
lism, and ethnic and political movements.
BOTANY
PAPER – I
1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology:
Structure and reproduction/multiplication
of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi and my-
coplasma; Applications of microbiology in
agriculture, industry, medicine and in con-
trol of soil and water pollution; Prion and
Prion hypothesis.
Important crop diseases caused by viruses,
bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nema-
todes; Modes of infection and dissemina-
tion; Molecular basis of infection and dis-
ease resistance/defence; Physiology of
parasitism and control measures; Fungal
toxins; Modelling and disease forecasting;
Plant quarantine.
2. Cryptogams:
Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pterido-
phytes - structure and reproduction from
evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of
Cryptogams in India and their ecological
and economic importance.
3. Phanerogams:
Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymnos-
perms; Classification and distribution of
gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycada-
les, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales,
their structure and reproduction; General
account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales
and Cordaitales; Geological time scale;
Type of fossils and their study techniques.
Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, em-
bryology, palynology and phylogeny.
Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code
of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical tax-
onomy and chemotaxonomy; Evidence
from anatomy, embryology and palynology.
Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Com-
parative account of various systems of clas-
sification of angiosperms; Study of
angiospermic families – Mangnoliaceae,
Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Ro-
saceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae,
Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solan-
aceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Astera-
ceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae,
Musaceae and Orchidaceae.
Stomata and their types; Glandular and
non-glandular trichomes; Unusual second-
ary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants;
Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood
anatomy.
Development of male and female gameto-
phytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm
- its development and function; Patterns of
embryo development; Polyembroyony and
apomixes; Applications of palynology; Ex-
perimental embryology including pollen
storage and test-tube fertilization.
4. Plant Resource Development:
Domestication and introduction of plants;
Origin of cultivated plants; Vavilov’s cen-
tres of origin; Plants as sources for food,
fodder, fibre, spices, beverages, edible oils,
drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums,
resins and dyes, latex, cellulose, starch and
its products; Perfumery; Importance of Eth-
nobotany in Indian context; Energy planta-
tions; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.
5. Morphogenesis:
Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and
dfferentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and pro-
toplast culture; Somatic hybrids and
Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal
variation and its applications; Pollen hap-
loids, embryo rescue methods and their
applications.
PAPER – II
1. Cell Biology:
Techniques of cell biology; Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells - structural and ultrastruc-
tural details; Structure and function of ex-
tracellular matrix (cell wall), membranes-
cell adhesion, membrane transport and ve-
sicular transport; Structure and function of
cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria,
ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,
lysosomes, peroxisomes); Cytoskelaton
and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus,
nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nu-
cleosome; Cell signalling and cell recep-
tors; Signal transduction; Mitosis and meio-
sis; Molecular basis of cell cycle; Numeri-
cal and structural variations in chromo-
somes and their significance; Chromatin
organization and packaging of genome;
Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes
– structure, behaviour and significance.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evo-
lution:
Development of genetics; Gene versus al-
lele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative
genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete
dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple
alleles; Linkage and crossing over; Meth-
ods of gene mapping, including molecular
maps (idea of mapping function); Sex chro-
mosomes and sex-linked inheritance, sex
determination and molecular basis of sex
differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and
molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance
and cytoplasmic genes (including genet-
ics of male sterility).
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids
and proteins; Genetic code and regulation
of gene expression; Gene silencing;
Multigene families; Organic evolution – evi-
dences, mechanism and theories.
Role of RNA in origin and evolution.
3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and
Biostatistics:
Methods of plant breeding – introduction,
selection and hybridization (pedigree,
backcross, mass selection, bulk method);
Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and het-
erosis breeding; Use of apomixes in plant
breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engi-
neering – methods of transfer of genes;
Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects;
Development and use of molecular mark-
ers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques
- probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprint-
ing, PCR and FISH.
Standard deviation and coefficient of varia-
tion (CV); Tests of significance (Z-test, t-
test and chi-square test); Probability and
distributions (normal, binomial and Pois-
son); Correlation and regression.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry:
Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion
transport, mineral deficiencies; Photosyn-
thesis – photochemical reactions; photo-
phosphorylation and carbon fixation path-
ways; C3,C4 and CAM pathways; Mecha-
nism of phloem transport; Respiration
(anerobic and aerobic, including fermen-
tation) – electron transport chain and oxi-
dative phosphorylation; Photorespiration;
Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis;
Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and
nitrogen metabolism; Enzymes, coen-
zymes; Energy transfer and energy con-
servation; Importance of secondary me-
tabolites; Pigments as photoreceptors
(plastidial pigments and phytochrome);
Plant movements; Photoperiodism and
flowering, vernalization, senescence;
Growth substances – their chemical na-
ture, role and applications in agri-horticul-
ture; Growth indices, growth movements;
Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity,
metal); Fruit and seed physiology; Dor-
mancy, storage and germination of seed;
Fruit ripening – its molecular basis and
manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography:
Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors;
Concepts and dynamics of community;
Plant succession; Concept of biosphere;
Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and
its control (including phytoremediation);
Plant indicators; Environment (Protection)
Act.
Forest types of India - Ecological and eco-
nomic importance of forests, afforestation,
deforestation and social forestry; Endan-
gered plants, endemism, IUCN categories,
Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its con-
servation; Protected Area Network; Con-
vention on Biological Diversity; Farmers’
Rights and Intellectual Property Rights;
Concept of Sustainable Development; Bio-
geochemical cycles; Global warming and
climatic change; Invasive species; Envi-
ronmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeo-
graphical regions of India.
Employment News 19 - 25 February 2011
UPSC
41
CHEMISTRY
PAPER - I
1. Atomic Structure:
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
Schrodinger wave equation (time indepen-
dent); Interpretation of wave function, par-
ticle in one-dimensional box, quantum
numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions;
Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical Bonding:
Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic com-
pounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle;
covalent bond and its general characteris-
tics, polarities of bonds in molecules and
their dipole moments; Valence bond
theory, concept of resonance and reso-
nance energy; Molecular orbital theory
(LCAO method); bonding in H2+, H2, He2+to
Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN–; Comparison of
valence bond and molecular orbital theo-
ries, bond order, bond strength and bond
length.
3. Solid State:
Crystal systems; Designation of crystal
faces, lattice structures and unit cell;
Bragg’s law; X-ray diffraction by crystals;
Close packing, radius ratio rules, calcula-
tion of some limiting radius ratio values;
Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl and CaF2;
Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric de-
fects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phe-
nomenon:
Equation of state for real gases, inter-mo-
lecular interactions and critical pheno-
mena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s
distribution of speeds, intermolecular col-
lisions, collisions on the wall and effusion;
Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal
gases.
5. Liquid State:
Kelvin equation; Surface tension and sur-
face energy, wetting and contact angle,
interfacial tension and capillary action.
6. Thermodynamics:
flow and relaxation methods; Collisions
and transition state theories.
10. Photochemistry:
Absorption of light; decay of excited state
by different routes; photochemical react-
ions between hydrogen and halogens and
their quantum yields.
11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:
Absorption from gases and solutions on
solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T. ad-
sorption isotherms; determination of sur-
face area, characteristics and mechanism
of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:
Metal ions in biological systems and their
role in ion transport across the membranes
(molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake
proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.
13. Coordination Compounds:
(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes;
Valence bond theory, crystal field theory
and its modifications; applications of theo-
ries in the explanation of magnetism and
electronic spectra of metal complexes.
(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds;
IUPAC nomenclature of coordination com-
pounds; stereochemistry of complexes
with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; che-
late effect and polynuclear complexes;
trans effect and its theories; kinetics of sub-
stitution reactions in square-planer com-
plexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stabil-
ity of complexes.
(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and re-
activity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate
anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal ni-
trosyl compounds.
(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, syn-
thesis, structure and bonding in metal ole-
fin complexes, alkyne complexes and
cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative
unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions,
insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and
their characterization; Compounds with
metal-metal bonds and metal atom clus-
Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-
Meerwein rearrangements.
(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen conden-
sation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel,
Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner,
Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions;
Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensat-
ions; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup syn-
thesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer,
Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.
3. Pericyclic Reactions:
Classification and examples; Woodward-
Hoffmann rules – electrocyclic reactions,
cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and
sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO
approach.
4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Poly-
mers: Organic polymers–polyethy-lene,
polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, ny-
lon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.
(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins,
DNA and RNA.
5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:
OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS,
B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi
and MCPBA.
6. Photochemistry:
Photochemical reactions of simple organic
compounds, excited and ground states,
singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and
Type II reactions.
7. Spectroscopy:
Principle and applications in structure elu-
cidation:
(i) Rotational: Diatomic molecules; isoto-
pic substitution and rotational constants.
(ii) Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, linear
triatomic molecules, specific frequencies
of functional groups in polyatomic mol-
ecules.
(iii) Electronic: Singlet and triplet states;
n * and * transitions; application to
conjugated double bonds and conjugated
carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules;
Charge transfer spectra.
deflection, moment distribution,
Rolling loads and Influences lines: Influ-
ences lines for Shear Force and Bending
moment at a section of beam. Criteria for
maximum shear force and bending Mo-
ment in beams traversed by a system of
moving loads. Influences lines for simply
supported plane pin jointed trusses.
Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and
fixed arches, rib shortening and tempera-
ture effects.
Matrix methods of analysis: Force method
and displacement method of analysis of
indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Plastic Analysis of beams and frames:
Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis,
statical method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of iner-
tia, product of inertia, position of Neutral
Axis and Principle axes, calculation of
bending stresses.
2. Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete
and Masonry Structures:
2.1 Structural Steel Design:
Structural Steel: Factors of safety and load
factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints
and connections. Design of tension and
compression member, beams of built up
section, riveted and welded plate girders,
gantry girders, stancheons with battens
and lacings.
2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry
Structures:
Concept of mix design. Reinforced Con-
crete: Working Stress and Limit State
method of design–Recommendations of
I.S. codes Design of one way and two way
slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continu-
ous beams of rectangular, T and L sec-
tions. Compression members under direct
load with or without eccentricity, Cantile-
ver and Counter fort type retaining walls.
Water tanks: Design requirements for Rect-
angular and circular tanks resting on
ground.
Prestressed concrete: Methods and sys-
tems of prestressing, anchorages, Analy-
Work, heat and internal energy; first law of
ters.
(iv)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H
sis and design of sections for flexure based
thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy
as a state function, entropy changes in vari-
ous processes, entropy–reversibility and
irreversibility, Free energy functions; Ther-
modynamic equation of state; Maxwell re-
lations; Temperature, volume and pressure
dependence of U, H, A, G, Cpand Cvá and
â; J-T effect and inversion temperature;
criteria for equilibrium, relation between
equilibrium constant and thermodynamic
quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introduc-
tory idea of third law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase dia-
gram for a pure substance; phase equilib-
ria in binary systems, partially miscible liq-
uids–upper and lower critical solution tem-
peratures; partial molar quantities, their sig-
nificance and determination; excess ther-
modynamic functions and their determina-
tion.
8. Electrochemistry:
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes
and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for vari-
ous equilibrium and transport properties.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; elec-
trochemical series, measurement of e.m.f.
of cells and its applications fuel cells and
batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at
the interface; rate of charge transfer, cur-
rent density; overpotential; electro-analyti-
cal techniques: Polarography,
amperometry, ion selective electrodes and
their uses.
9. Chemical Kinetics:
Differential and integral rate equations for
zeroth, first, second and fractional order
reactions; Rate equations involving re-
verse, parallel, consecutive and chain re-
actions; branching chain and explosions;
effect of temperature and pressure on rate
constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-
14. Main Group Chemistry:
Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and
cyclic phosphazene, silicates and sili-
cones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur
– nitrogen compounds, noble gas com-
pounds.
15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Ele-
ments:
Lanthanides and actinides; separation,
oxidation states, magnetic and spectral
properties; lanthanide contraction.
PAPER - II
1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes,
azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.
2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General
methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of
study of mechanism of organic reactions:
isotopic method, cross-over experiment,
intermediate trapping, stereochemistry;
energy of activation; thermodynamic con-
trol and kinetic control of reactions.
(ii) Reactive Intermediates: Generation,
geometry, stability and reactions of car-
bonium ions and carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(iii) Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2 and
SNi mechanisms; neighbouring group par-
ticipation; electrophilic and nucleophilic
reactions of aromatic compounds includ-
ing heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, fu-
ran, thiophene and indole.
(iv) Elimination Reactions: E1, E2 and
E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reac-
tions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn
elimination – Chugaev and Cope elimina-
tions.
(v) Addition Reactions: Electrophilic ad-
dition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addi-
tion to C=0, C=N, conjugated olefins and
carbonyls.
(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements: (a)
Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beck-
mann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries,
NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and
spin-spin interaction and coupling con-
stants.
(v) Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak, base
peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rear-
rangement.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAPER – I
1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of
Materials and Structural Analysis:
1.1 Engineering Mechanics:
Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors,
Concept of Force, Concept of particle and
rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent
and parallel forces in a plane, moment of
force, free body diagram, conditions of
equilibrium, Principle of virtual work,
equivalent force system.
First and Second Moment of area, Mass
moment of Inertia.
Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:
Kinematics in Cartesian Co-ordinates,
motion under uniform and nonuniform ac-
celeration, motion under gravity. Kinetics
of particle: Momentum and Energy prin-
ciples, collision of elastic bodies, rotation
of rigid bodies.
1.2 Strength of Materials:
Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants,
axially loaded compression members,
Shear force and bending moment, theory
of simple bending, Shear Stress distribu-
tion across cross sections, Beams of uni-
form strength.
Deflection of beams: Macaulay’s method,
Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate
beam method, unit load method. Torsion
of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns,
Euler’s Rankine’s and Secant formulae.
1.3 Structural Analysis:
Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load
method of consistent deformation applied
to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-
on working stress, loss of prestress.
Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes
3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow
and Hydraulic Machines:
3.1 Fluid Mechanics:
Fluid properties and their role in fluid mo-
tion, fluid statics including forces acting on
plane and curved surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow:
Velocity and accelerations, stream lines,
equation of continuity, irrotational and ro-
tational flow, velocity potential and stream
functions.
Continuity, momentum and energy equa-
tion, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler’s equa-
tion of motion, application to fluid flow prob-
lems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.
3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:
Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless
parameters.
3.3 Laminar Flow:
Laminar flow between parallel, stationary
and moving plates, flow through tube.
3.4 Boundary layer:
Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on
a flat plate, laminar sub layer, smooth and
rough boundaries, drag and lift.
Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteris-
tics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution
and variation of pipe friction factor, hydrau-
lic grade line and total energy line.
3.5 Open channel flow:
Uniform and non-uniform flows, momen-
tum and energy correction factors, specific
energy and specific force, critical depth,
rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradu-
ally varied flow, classification of surface
profiles, control section, step method of in-
tegration of varied flow equation.
3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydro-
power:
Hydraulic turbines, types classification,
Choice of turbines, performance param-
eters, controls, characteristics, specific
speed.
marriages.
9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal ab-
errations in man, methodology.
(a) Numerical and structural aberrations
(disorders).
(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations –
Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super
female (XXX), intersex and other
syndromic disorders.
(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syn-
drome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-chat
syndromes.
(d) Genetic imprints in human disease,
genetic screening, genetic counseling,
human DNA profiling, gene mapping
and genome study.
9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of
morphological variation of non-metric and
metric characters. Racial criteria, racial
traits in relation to heredity and environ-
ment; biological basis of racial classifica-
tion, racial differentiation and race cross-
ing in man.
9.6 Age, sex and population variation as
genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups,
HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes.
Physiological characteristics-Hb level,
body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions
and sensory perceptions in different cul-
tural and socio-economic groups.
9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological
Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations –
Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s
physiological responses to environmental
stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude cli-
mate.
9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health
and disease. Infectious and non-infectious
diseases. Nutritional deficiency related dis-
eases.
10. Concept of human growth and devel-
opment: stages of growth - pre-natal, na-
tal, infant, childhood, adolescence, matu-
rity, senescence.
- Factors affecting growth and develop-
ment genetic, environmental, bio-
chemical, nutritional, cultural and
socio-economic.
- Ageing and senescence. Theories and
observations - biological and chrono-
logical longevity. Human physique and
somatotypes. Methodologies for
growth studies.
11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause
and other bioevents to fertility. Fertility pat-
terns and differentials.
11.2 Demographic theories- biological,
social and cultural.
11.3 Biological and socio-ecological fac-
tors influencing fecundity, fertility, natality
and mortality.
12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthro-
pology of sports, Nutritional anthropology,
Anthropology in designing of defence and
other equipments, Forensic Anthropology,
Methods and principles of personal identi-
fication and reconstruction, Applied human
genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic
counseling and eugenics, DNA technol-
ogy in diseases and medicine,
serogenetics and cytogenetics in repro-
ductive biology.
PAPER – II
1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civi-
lization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic,
Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic -
Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civiliza-
tion): Pre- Harappan, Harappan and post-
Harappan cultures. Contributions of tribal
cultures to Indian civilization.
1.2 Palaeo – anthropological evidences
from India with special reference to Siwaliks
and Narmada basin (Ramapithecus,
Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).
1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India : The con-
cept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals and
Parallels among the hunting, foraging, fish-
ing, pastoral and peasant communities in-
cluding arts and crafts producing commu-
nities.
2. Demographic profile of India — Ethnic and
linguistic elements in the Indian population
and their distribution. Indian population - fac-
tors influencing its structure and growth.
3.1 The structure and nature of traditional
Indian social system — Varnashram,
Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.
3.2 Caste system in India- structure and
characteristics, Varna and caste, Theories
of origin of caste system, Dominant caste,
Caste mobility, Future of caste system,
Jajmani system, Tribe- caste continuum.
3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature- Man-
Spirit Complex.
3.4 Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and
Christianity on Indian society.
4. Emergence and growth of anthropology
in India-Contributions of the 18th, 19th and
early 20th Century scholar-administrators.
Contributions of Indian anthropologists to
tribal and caste studies.
5.1 Indian Village: Significance of village
study in India; Indian village as a social
system; Traditional and changing patterns
of settlement and inter-caste relations;
Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Im-
pact of globalization on Indian villages.
5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and
their social, political and economic status.
5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes
of socio-cultural change in Indian society:
Sanskritization, Westernization, Moderni-
zation; Inter-play of little and great tradi-
tions; Panchayati raj and social change;
Media and social change.
6.1 Tribal situation in India – Bio-genetic
variability, linguistic and socio-economic
characteristics of tribal populations and
their distribution.
6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities —
land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, low
literacy, poor educational facilities, unem-
ployment, underemployment, health and
nutrition.
6.3 Developmental projects and their im-
pact on tribal displacement and problems
of rehabilitation. Development of forest
policy and tribals. Impact of urbanization
and industrialization on tribal populations.
7.1 Problems of exploitation and depriva-
tion of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled
Tribes and Other Backward Classes. Con-
stitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes
and Scheduled Castes.
7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal
societies: Impact of modern democratic in-
stitutions, development programmes and
welfare measures on tribals and weaker
sections.
7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic con-
flicts and political developments; Unrest
among tribal communities; Regionalism
and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribal-
ism; Social change among the tribes dur-
ing colonial and post-Independent India.
8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Chris-
tianity, Islam and other religions on tribal
societies.
8.2 Tribe and nation state — a compara-
tive study of tribal communities in India and
other countries.
9.1 History of administration of tribal ar-
eas, tribal policies, plans, programmes of
tribal development and their implementa-
tion. The concept of PTGs (Primitive Tribal
Groups), their distribution, special
programmes for their development. Role
of N.G.O.s in tribal development.
9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural
development.
9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the
understanding of regionalism, communa-
lism, and ethnic and political movements.
BOTANY
PAPER – I
1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology:
Structure and reproduction/multiplication
of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungi and my-
coplasma; Applications of microbiology in
agriculture, industry, medicine and in con-
trol of soil and water pollution; Prion and
Prion hypothesis.
Important crop diseases caused by viruses,
bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi and nema-
todes; Modes of infection and dissemina-
tion; Molecular basis of infection and dis-
ease resistance/defence; Physiology of
parasitism and control measures; Fungal
toxins; Modelling and disease forecasting;
Plant quarantine.
2. Cryptogams:
Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pterido-
phytes - structure and reproduction from
evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of
Cryptogams in India and their ecological
and economic importance.
3. Phanerogams:
Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymnos-
perms; Classification and distribution of
gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycada-
les, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales,
their structure and reproduction; General
account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales
and Cordaitales; Geological time scale;
Type of fossils and their study techniques.
Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, em-
bryology, palynology and phylogeny.
Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code
of Botanical Nomenclature; Numerical tax-
onomy and chemotaxonomy; Evidence
from anatomy, embryology and palynology.
Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Com-
parative account of various systems of clas-
sification of angiosperms; Study of
angiospermic families – Mangnoliaceae,
Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Ro-
saceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae,
Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae,
Asclepiadaceae, Verbenaceae, Solan-
aceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Astera-
ceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae, Liliaceae,
Musaceae and Orchidaceae.
Stomata and their types; Glandular and
non-glandular trichomes; Unusual second-
ary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants;
Xylem and phloem differentiation; Wood
anatomy.
Development of male and female gameto-
phytes, pollination, fertilization; Endosperm
- its development and function; Patterns of
embryo development; Polyembroyony and
apomixes; Applications of palynology; Ex-
perimental embryology including pollen
storage and test-tube fertilization.
4. Plant Resource Development:
Domestication and introduction of plants;
Origin of cultivated plants; Vavilov’s cen-
tres of origin; Plants as sources for food,
fodder, fibre, spices, beverages, edible oils,
drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums,
resins and dyes, latex, cellulose, starch and
its products; Perfumery; Importance of Eth-
nobotany in Indian context; Energy planta-
tions; Botanical Gardens and Herbaria.
5. Morphogenesis:
Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and
dfferentiation; Cell, tissue, organ and pro-
toplast culture; Somatic hybrids and
Cybrids; Micropropagation; Somaclonal
variation and its applications; Pollen hap-
loids, embryo rescue methods and their
applications.
PAPER – II
1. Cell Biology:
Techniques of cell biology; Prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells - structural and ultrastruc-
tural details; Structure and function of ex-
tracellular matrix (cell wall), membranes-
cell adhesion, membrane transport and ve-
sicular transport; Structure and function of
cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria,
ER, dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes,
lysosomes, peroxisomes); Cytoskelaton
and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus,
nuclear pore complex; Chromatin and nu-
cleosome; Cell signalling and cell recep-
tors; Signal transduction; Mitosis and meio-
sis; Molecular basis of cell cycle; Numeri-
cal and structural variations in chromo-
somes and their significance; Chromatin
organization and packaging of genome;
Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes
– structure, behaviour and significance.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evo-
lution:
Development of genetics; Gene versus al-
lele concepts (Pseudoalleles); Quantitative
genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete
dominance, polygenic inheritance, multiple
alleles; Linkage and crossing over; Meth-
ods of gene mapping, including molecular
maps (idea of mapping function); Sex chro-
mosomes and sex-linked inheritance, sex
determination and molecular basis of sex
differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and
molecular basis); Cytoplasmic inheritance
and cytoplasmic genes (including genet-
ics of male sterility).
Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids
and proteins; Genetic code and regulation
of gene expression; Gene silencing;
Multigene families; Organic evolution – evi-
dences, mechanism and theories.
Role of RNA in origin and evolution.
3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and
Biostatistics:
Methods of plant breeding – introduction,
selection and hybridization (pedigree,
backcross, mass selection, bulk method);
Mutation, polyploidy, male sterility and het-
erosis breeding; Use of apomixes in plant
breeding; DNA sequencing; Genetic engi-
neering – methods of transfer of genes;
Transgenic crops and biosafety aspects;
Development and use of molecular mark-
ers in plant breeding; Tools and techniques
- probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprint-
ing, PCR and FISH.
Standard deviation and coefficient of varia-
tion (CV); Tests of significance (Z-test, t-
test and chi-square test); Probability and
distributions (normal, binomial and Pois-
son); Correlation and regression.
4. Physiology and Biochemistry:
Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion
transport, mineral deficiencies; Photosyn-
thesis – photochemical reactions; photo-
phosphorylation and carbon fixation path-
ways; C3,C4 and CAM pathways; Mecha-
nism of phloem transport; Respiration
(anerobic and aerobic, including fermen-
tation) – electron transport chain and oxi-
dative phosphorylation; Photorespiration;
Chemiosmotic theory and ATP synthesis;
Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and
nitrogen metabolism; Enzymes, coen-
zymes; Energy transfer and energy con-
servation; Importance of secondary me-
tabolites; Pigments as photoreceptors
(plastidial pigments and phytochrome);
Plant movements; Photoperiodism and
flowering, vernalization, senescence;
Growth substances – their chemical na-
ture, role and applications in agri-horticul-
ture; Growth indices, growth movements;
Stress physiology (heat, water, salinity,
metal); Fruit and seed physiology; Dor-
mancy, storage and germination of seed;
Fruit ripening – its molecular basis and
manipulation.
5. Ecology and Plant Geography:
Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors;
Concepts and dynamics of community;
Plant succession; Concept of biosphere;
Ecosystems; Conservation; Pollution and
its control (including phytoremediation);
Plant indicators; Environment (Protection)
Act.
Forest types of India - Ecological and eco-
nomic importance of forests, afforestation,
deforestation and social forestry; Endan-
gered plants, endemism, IUCN categories,
Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its con-
servation; Protected Area Network; Con-
vention on Biological Diversity; Farmers’
Rights and Intellectual Property Rights;
Concept of Sustainable Development; Bio-
geochemical cycles; Global warming and
climatic change; Invasive species; Envi-
ronmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeo-
graphical regions of India.
Employment News 19 - 25 February 2011
UPSC
41
CHEMISTRY
PAPER - I
1. Atomic Structure:
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle,
Schrodinger wave equation (time indepen-
dent); Interpretation of wave function, par-
ticle in one-dimensional box, quantum
numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions;
Shapes of s, p and d orbitals.
2. Chemical Bonding:
Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic com-
pounds, lattice energy, Born-Haber cycle;
covalent bond and its general characteris-
tics, polarities of bonds in molecules and
their dipole moments; Valence bond
theory, concept of resonance and reso-
nance energy; Molecular orbital theory
(LCAO method); bonding in H2+, H2, He2+to
Ne2, NO, CO, HF, and CN–; Comparison of
valence bond and molecular orbital theo-
ries, bond order, bond strength and bond
length.
3. Solid State:
Crystal systems; Designation of crystal
faces, lattice structures and unit cell;
Bragg’s law; X-ray diffraction by crystals;
Close packing, radius ratio rules, calcula-
tion of some limiting radius ratio values;
Structures of NaCl, ZnS, CsCl and CaF2;
Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric de-
fects, impurity defects, semi-conductors.
4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phe-
nomenon:
Equation of state for real gases, inter-mo-
lecular interactions and critical pheno-
mena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s
distribution of speeds, intermolecular col-
lisions, collisions on the wall and effusion;
Thermal conductivity and viscosity of ideal
gases.
5. Liquid State:
Kelvin equation; Surface tension and sur-
face energy, wetting and contact angle,
interfacial tension and capillary action.
6. Thermodynamics:
flow and relaxation methods; Collisions
and transition state theories.
10. Photochemistry:
Absorption of light; decay of excited state
by different routes; photochemical react-
ions between hydrogen and halogens and
their quantum yields.
11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:
Absorption from gases and solutions on
solid adsorbents, Langmuir and B.E.T. ad-
sorption isotherms; determination of sur-
face area, characteristics and mechanism
of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.
12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:
Metal ions in biological systems and their
role in ion transport across the membranes
(molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake
proteins, cytochromes and ferredoxins.
13. Coordination Compounds:
(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes;
Valence bond theory, crystal field theory
and its modifications; applications of theo-
ries in the explanation of magnetism and
electronic spectra of metal complexes.
(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds;
IUPAC nomenclature of coordination com-
pounds; stereochemistry of complexes
with 4 and 6 coordination numbers; che-
late effect and polynuclear complexes;
trans effect and its theories; kinetics of sub-
stitution reactions in square-planer com-
plexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stabil-
ity of complexes.
(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and re-
activity of metal carbonyls; carboxylate
anions, carbonyl hydrides and metal ni-
trosyl compounds.
(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, syn-
thesis, structure and bonding in metal ole-
fin complexes, alkyne complexes and
cyclopentadienyl complexes; coordinative
unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions,
insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and
their characterization; Compounds with
metal-metal bonds and metal atom clus-
Claisen, Cope, Stevens and Wagner-
Meerwein rearrangements.
(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen conden-
sation, Dieckmann, Perkin, Knoevenagel,
Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner,
Cannizzaro and von Richter reactions;
Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensat-
ions; Fischer indole synthesis, Skraup syn-
thesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer,
Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.
3. Pericyclic Reactions:
Classification and examples; Woodward-
Hoffmann rules – electrocyclic reactions,
cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and
sigmatropic shifts [1, 3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO
approach.
4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Poly-
mers: Organic polymers–polyethy-lene,
polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, ny-
lon, terylene, synthetic and natural rubber.
(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins,
DNA and RNA.
5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:
OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS,
B2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4, n-BuLi
and MCPBA.
6. Photochemistry:
Photochemical reactions of simple organic
compounds, excited and ground states,
singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and
Type II reactions.
7. Spectroscopy:
Principle and applications in structure elu-
cidation:
(i) Rotational: Diatomic molecules; isoto-
pic substitution and rotational constants.
(ii) Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, linear
triatomic molecules, specific frequencies
of functional groups in polyatomic mol-
ecules.
(iii) Electronic: Singlet and triplet states;
n * and * transitions; application to
conjugated double bonds and conjugated
carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules;
Charge transfer spectra.
deflection, moment distribution,
Rolling loads and Influences lines: Influ-
ences lines for Shear Force and Bending
moment at a section of beam. Criteria for
maximum shear force and bending Mo-
ment in beams traversed by a system of
moving loads. Influences lines for simply
supported plane pin jointed trusses.
Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and
fixed arches, rib shortening and tempera-
ture effects.
Matrix methods of analysis: Force method
and displacement method of analysis of
indeterminate beams and rigid frames.
Plastic Analysis of beams and frames:
Theory of plastic bending, plastic analysis,
statical method, Mechanism method.
Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of iner-
tia, product of inertia, position of Neutral
Axis and Principle axes, calculation of
bending stresses.
2. Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete
and Masonry Structures:
2.1 Structural Steel Design:
Structural Steel: Factors of safety and load
factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints
and connections. Design of tension and
compression member, beams of built up
section, riveted and welded plate girders,
gantry girders, stancheons with battens
and lacings.
2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry
Structures:
Concept of mix design. Reinforced Con-
crete: Working Stress and Limit State
method of design–Recommendations of
I.S. codes Design of one way and two way
slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continu-
ous beams of rectangular, T and L sec-
tions. Compression members under direct
load with or without eccentricity, Cantile-
ver and Counter fort type retaining walls.
Water tanks: Design requirements for Rect-
angular and circular tanks resting on
ground.
Prestressed concrete: Methods and sys-
tems of prestressing, anchorages, Analy-
Work, heat and internal energy; first law of
ters.
(iv)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H
sis and design of sections for flexure based
thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics; entropy
as a state function, entropy changes in vari-
ous processes, entropy–reversibility and
irreversibility, Free energy functions; Ther-
modynamic equation of state; Maxwell re-
lations; Temperature, volume and pressure
dependence of U, H, A, G, Cpand Cvá and
â; J-T effect and inversion temperature;
criteria for equilibrium, relation between
equilibrium constant and thermodynamic
quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introduc-
tory idea of third law of thermodynamics.
7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:
Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase dia-
gram for a pure substance; phase equilib-
ria in binary systems, partially miscible liq-
uids–upper and lower critical solution tem-
peratures; partial molar quantities, their sig-
nificance and determination; excess ther-
modynamic functions and their determina-
tion.
8. Electrochemistry:
Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes
and Debye-Huckel limiting Law for vari-
ous equilibrium and transport properties.
Galvanic cells, concentration cells; elec-
trochemical series, measurement of e.m.f.
of cells and its applications fuel cells and
batteries.
Processes at electrodes; double layer at
the interface; rate of charge transfer, cur-
rent density; overpotential; electro-analyti-
cal techniques: Polarography,
amperometry, ion selective electrodes and
their uses.
9. Chemical Kinetics:
Differential and integral rate equations for
zeroth, first, second and fractional order
reactions; Rate equations involving re-
verse, parallel, consecutive and chain re-
actions; branching chain and explosions;
effect of temperature and pressure on rate
constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-
14. Main Group Chemistry:
Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and
cyclic phosphazene, silicates and sili-
cones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur
– nitrogen compounds, noble gas com-
pounds.
15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Ele-
ments:
Lanthanides and actinides; separation,
oxidation states, magnetic and spectral
properties; lanthanide contraction.
PAPER - II
1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:
Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes,
azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes, sydnones.
2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General
methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic) of
study of mechanism of organic reactions:
isotopic method, cross-over experiment,
intermediate trapping, stereochemistry;
energy of activation; thermodynamic con-
trol and kinetic control of reactions.
(ii) Reactive Intermediates: Generation,
geometry, stability and reactions of car-
bonium ions and carbanions, free radicals,
carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
(iii) Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2 and
SNi mechanisms; neighbouring group par-
ticipation; electrophilic and nucleophilic
reactions of aromatic compounds includ-
ing heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, fu-
ran, thiophene and indole.
(iv) Elimination Reactions: E1, E2 and
E1cb mechanisms; orientation in E2 reac-
tions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn
elimination – Chugaev and Cope elimina-
tions.
(v) Addition Reactions: Electrophilic ad-
dition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilic addi-
tion to C=0, C=N, conjugated olefins and
carbonyls.
(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements: (a)
Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann, Beck-
mann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries,
NMR): Basic principle; chemical shift and
spin-spin interaction and coupling con-
stants.
(v) Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak, base
peak, metastable peak, McLafferty rear-
rangement.
CIVIL ENGINEERING
PAPER – I
1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of
Materials and Structural Analysis:
1.1 Engineering Mechanics:
Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors,
Concept of Force, Concept of particle and
rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent
and parallel forces in a plane, moment of
force, free body diagram, conditions of
equilibrium, Principle of virtual work,
equivalent force system.
First and Second Moment of area, Mass
moment of Inertia.
Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:
Kinematics in Cartesian Co-ordinates,
motion under uniform and nonuniform ac-
celeration, motion under gravity. Kinetics
of particle: Momentum and Energy prin-
ciples, collision of elastic bodies, rotation
of rigid bodies.
1.2 Strength of Materials:
Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants,
axially loaded compression members,
Shear force and bending moment, theory
of simple bending, Shear Stress distribu-
tion across cross sections, Beams of uni-
form strength.
Deflection of beams: Macaulay’s method,
Mohr’s Moment area method, Conjugate
beam method, unit load method. Torsion
of Shafts, Elastic stability of columns,
Euler’s Rankine’s and Secant formulae.
1.3 Structural Analysis:
Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load
method of consistent deformation applied
to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-
on working stress, loss of prestress.
Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes
3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow
and Hydraulic Machines:
3.1 Fluid Mechanics:
Fluid properties and their role in fluid mo-
tion, fluid statics including forces acting on
plane and curved surfaces.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow:
Velocity and accelerations, stream lines,
equation of continuity, irrotational and ro-
tational flow, velocity potential and stream
functions.
Continuity, momentum and energy equa-
tion, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler’s equa-
tion of motion, application to fluid flow prob-
lems, pipe flow, sluice gates, weirs.
3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:
Buckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless
parameters.
3.3 Laminar Flow:
Laminar flow between parallel, stationary
and moving plates, flow through tube.
3.4 Boundary layer:
Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on
a flat plate, laminar sub layer, smooth and
rough boundaries, drag and lift.
Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteris-
tics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution
and variation of pipe friction factor, hydrau-
lic grade line and total energy line.
3.5 Open channel flow:
Uniform and non-uniform flows, momen-
tum and energy correction factors, specific
energy and specific force, critical depth,
rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump, gradu-
ally varied flow, classification of surface
profiles, control section, step method of in-
tegration of varied flow equation.
3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydro-
power:
Hydraulic turbines, types classification,
Choice of turbines, performance param-
eters, controls, characteristics, specific
speed.
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