Saturday, January 26, 2013

CBSE PROBLEM SOLVING ASSESSMENT 2013 MODEL PAPERS



Common Error (Articles, Prepositions)
1. Articles: There are three articles in English—a, an and the. A and an are called indefinite article.The is the definite article. An article is placed before a noun. If there is an adjective before a noun, the article is placed before the adjective:
a train,
a fast train,
an incident,
an unusual incident
Note: We can never use a singular count noun alone, that is, without a/an/the/my/some/any etc.
2. A/an: Singular count nouns take the indefinite article a/an with them:
a ball
an egg
a dog
an elephant
Uncount nouns do not generally take an article with them. we do not generally say
a milk
a beauty
a wisdom
for milk, beauty, wisdom cannot be counted.
3. We use a with singular count nouns beginning with a consonant sound:
a girl
a map
a university
a union
a one-sided affair
a one-rupee note
Note: That the words university, union, and one begin with a vowel but no a vowel sound. University and union begin with the yoo sound while one begins with the w sound.
Well-known words which begin with a vowel but take a with them are:
European
uniform
union
unit
universal
usual
useful
eau-de-cologne
4. An: An is used before words beginning with a vowel sound:
an umbrella
an opportunity
an honest boy
an honourable person
The letter h in honest and honourable is not sounded. Common words in English which begin with an unsounded h are:
heir
heiress
honest
honorary
honourable
hour
hourly
5. In abbreviations, if consonants begin with a vowel sound, they take an before them:
an M.P.
an S.P.
But if consonants begin with a consonant sound, they take a before them:
a Ph.D.
a B.Ed.
6. Note the use of a in the following phrases:
a pity a shame
a pleasure a noise
a rage a nuisance
a headache a toothache
a bad cold in a whisper
in a low voice in a loud voice
to be at a loss
7. The definite Article the: The, the definite article, is a weakended form of that. It is pronounced as (di:) when it preceded a vowel sound and as do before a consonant sound. In meaning also, it is weaker than that. Instead of pointing out, it defines, particularises or singles out:
I have read the book you are talking of. (not any book but a particular book that is being referred to)
The artists who came to seem me today are quite accomplished. (not any artists but the ones who came to see me today)
8. In the examples given in § 7, the book and the artists are particularised by two adjective clauses. In certain cases, a noun's being particular may be clear from the context and it may not have any defining expression with it. The is also prefixed to such a noun:
Shut the door. (the door of the room in which we are sitting)
He was brought before the Principal. (The Principal of the institution in which he was studying)
The king pardoned him. (the king we are talking about at the moment)
9. If I am looking at the picture of a room, I can talk about the ceiling, the floor, because there is only one ceiling and one floor, but I cannot talk about the wall if there are more than one walls in the picture because I would not be talking about the only one. I can, however, talk about the left wall and the right wall because there is only one left wall and one right wall in the picture.
10. More about the: We use the definite article the
  1. with superlatives and the words used in the superlative sense:
    the best student in the class
    the Chief Justice
    the Prime Minister
  2. when special emphasis almost equivalent to the use of the superlative is intended:
    He is the leader today. (the greatest leader)
    This is just the thing. (the right thing)
    This is the way to solve this problem. (the proper way).
  3. even in comparative degrees when one of the two items is singled out in preference to the other:
    He is the moon, the world, (But not: He is the finer batsman than others. The correct form would be : He is a finer bats man than others.)
  4. with things of which there is only one in our world, or things which are otherwise well known but do not begin with a capital letter:
    the sun, the moon, the world, the equator, the north, the east.
  5. in place of possessive adjectives:
    I hit him on the head. (= his head) Disappointment stared him in the face.( = his face)
  6. with common nouns when one noun is used to represent the whole class or species:
    The horse is a faithful animal.
    The lion is the king of animals.
  7. with an adjective with a plural notion to indicate a class of persons:
    The rich should help the poor. (We can say: Rich men should help poor men But not: The rich men should help the poor men.×)
  8. as an adverb in case of certain comparatives:
    The more we get, the more we want.
    The harder you work, the better it will be.
  9. to suggest distribution: (= each)
    We can buy oranges by the dozen.
    Cloth is sold by the metre.
Exercise
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the where necessary:
1. —— more you read, —— more you know.
2. —— stone hit him on —— head.
3. —— fox is —— very clever animal.
4. Only —— rich can afford ——comforts of ——modern times.
5. I have —— elder brother and —— younger sister. —— sister is —— wiser of the two.
6. If you are looking for —— entertaining as well as educative magazine, this is —— magazine for you.
7. —— sun rises in — east and sets in —west.
8. India is a little to —— north of —— equator.
9. —— oranges are sold by —— dozen.
11. Articles with Proper Nouns
1. Proper nouns, as a rule, do not take articles with them:
Shakespeare was a great playwright. (Shakespeare)
Samudragupta was a great warrior. (Samudragupta)
2. But if a proper noun is used as a common noun, it may take with it some article:
He is a good playwright but not a Shakespeare. (not as great a playwright as Shakespeare)
Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India. (as great a playwright for India as Shakespeare is for England)
3. We need the definite article the with the names of:
• Rivers                              the Ganga, the Yamuna
• Seas and oceans                       the Red Sea, the Atlantic Ocean
• Mountain ranges                       the Alps, the Himalayas
• Holy books                            the Bible, the Ramcharit Manas
• Trains, ships                         the Himgiri Express, the Ashoka (the name of a ship).
• Newspapers and                        the Pioneer, magazines the Hindustan Times, the Filmfare, the portstar
• Well-known                            the Gateway of India, buildings the Red Fort, the Qutub Minar
• Countries                             (if their name contains a common noun) the U.S.A.,
                                        the U.K. (In United States of America, States is a common noun.)
• Peoples, parties                      the English, the French, the Whigs
• The whole families                    the Khans, the Kapurs
Prepositions
Prepositions
Prepositions of Time
A number of prepositions may be used to denote time: from Monday; after my return; during the night; till tomorrow; before the bell rings; a quarter to ten. In most cases, it is easy to decide which preposition to use. The following prepositions, however, need special attention.
1. At, on, in
  1. At usually denotes a definite point of time but can also be used for indefinite periods:
    at 7 p.m.; at this moment; (Definite at midnight; point of time)
    at the end of the class;
    at night; at dawn; (indefinite at Durga Puja; at Diwali. periods)
  2. On is used with days and dates:
    on Monday; on 1st May;
    on the annual day; on a May afternoon.
  3. In is used with parts of the day, and with months, years, seasons:
    in the morning; in September;
    in 2004; in winter.
  4. In is also used with the future tense to show the period in which an action will happen:
    in a week; in four hours.
  5. In and within. In means at the end of; within means before the end of:
    I shall be back in a week. (when a week is over)
    I shall be back within a week. (before a week is over)
2. By
By refers to a point of future time and denotes the latest time at which an action will be over:
The competition will be over by 6 p.m.
(It should be over before it is 6 p.m., but the latest time at which it can be over is 6 p.m.)
They will have declared the result by tomorrow evening.
3. For
For is used with periods of time to show the duration of an action. It is mostly used with perfect continuous tenses though it may be found with other tenses as well:
This discussion has been going on for two hours.
I have worked in this office for two years.
For may sometimes be omitted also:
I have been busy the whole morning.(for the whole morning)
4. Since
Since marks the point of time at which an action began. It is used only if the action has continued till the time of speaking; hence it is found with perfect continuous tenses. Unlike for, it can never be ommitted:
She has been teaching in this college since 2001.
A cool breeze has been blowing since morning.
5. From
From denotes the starting point of an action and is used in all cases except when the action has continued till the moment of speaking. It is almost invariably used with to or till:
The examination will be held from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m.
He was the Chief Minister of the state from 1999 to 2002.
6. At, in
  1. At has the idea of an exact point and is, therefore, used with houses, villages, small towns. In has the idea of a larger area and is used while speaking of bigger towns, states, countries, etc.:
    at Karol Bagh in New Delhi;
    at Ambala; in England;
    at the end; in the middle.
  2. At conveys the idea of a general neighbourhood; in conveys the idea of something contained:
    We say at the table to take our lunch.
    Please wait for me at the Regal PVR.
    Turn left at the next crossing.
    There are two Pepsi bottles in the refrigerator.
    You will find the stapler in the drawer.
7. On, upon
On is used while speaking of things at rest; upon is used with things in motion:
The file is on the table.
The dog sprang upon the table.
8. Above, over
Both above and over mean higher than. Sometimes we can use either of them:
The flags waved over our heads.
The flags waved above our heads.
But over can also mean coverning, or vertically above:
My father put a blanket over me.
There is a fan exactly over the table.
9. Below, under
Both below and under mean lower than and sometimes we can use either of them. But under means vertically below. It also has the idea of contact:
There was a beautiful lake below us in the valley.
His shoes were lying under the table.
She put the keys of the wardrobe under her pillow.
10. Into
Into denotes movement towards the interior of something:
He jumped into the well.
One stream flows into another.
Figuratively: We have entered into an agreement to export handicrafts to some European countries.
11. For
For is used to denote direction when the verb shows the beginning of a movement:
The children leaves for the school at 7 a.m.
We shall soon set off for Mumbai.
12. Against
Against shows pressure or contact:
He threw the goods against the wall.
Prepositions of direction from. Most common among these are: from, off, out of:
13. From
From is used with the point of departure:
He brought these books from the market.
He had already gone from home.
14. Out of
It is the opposite of into. It means from the interior of:
He took a few books out of the Cupboard.
EXERCISE------
Common Error (MCQ )
Directions: Select the correct word or phrase to complete a grammatical and idiomatic sentence.
1. Agriculture in America has — industrial progress.
(1) kept pace with (2) kept paces along
(3) kept its pace for
(4) kept pace together with
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
2. He is — if he does not meet this situation boldly.
(1) unworthy of his salt
(2) not worth his salt
(3) not of worth to his salt
(4) not worth of the salt
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
3. I know I have a copy of the book you need, but at the moment, I can't — it.
(1) lay my hands on (2) lie my hand
(3) lay my fingers on (4) lay my hands to
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
4. Due to industrial recession, retrenchment of jobs is — in big and small units alike.
(1) order for the day (2) the daily order
(3) the order of the day (4) the order every day
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
5. It is due to lack of careful advance planning that your scheme has
(1) come upon grief (2) come out with grief
(3) come to grief (4) come in grief.
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
Directions: In each of these questions, a sentence has been divided into four parts and marked (1), (2), (3) (4) and (5). One of these parts contains a mistake in grammar, idiom or syntax. Identify that part and mark it as the answer.
6. (1) She was as pretty
(2) if not prettier than
(3) any other girl who had come
(4) to participate in the meeting
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
7. (1) If one reads the newspaper regularly
(2) you will be surprised at the improvement
(3) in your overall reading skills
(4) from day to day.
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
8. (1) After finding the problem,
(2) the mechanic cleaned the carburettor,
(3) started the engine
(4) and found it working smoothly
(5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
9. (1) The only people in the theatre
(2) on that stormy night
(3) were the staff of the theatre
(4) and me (5) None of these
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
10. (1) She was wearing a wig that was
(2) far more attractive than
(3) the other women who had
(4) their natural hair
(5) None of these

One-Word Substitution

A person who is out to destroy all government and order                   Anarchist
Government by the people                                                  Democracy
The whole mass of air surrounding the earth                               Atmosphere
One who is not sure of the existence of God                               Agnostic
 
A medicine which prevents infection by killing germs                      Antiseptic
One who does something not professionally but for pleasure                Amateur
A statement open to more than one interpretation                          Ambiguous
One who makes an official examination of accounts                      Auditor
Marrying more than one wife or more than one husband at a time            Polygamy
The science that studies plants                                           Botany
The science which studies natural processes of living things              Biology
People working together in the same office or department                  Colleagues
The state of remaining unmarried                                          Celibacy
The action of bringing into completion                                    Consummation
To give one's authority to another                                        Delegate
Study of the relation of living things to environment                     Ecology
The action of looking within or into one's own mind                       Introspection
One incapable of being tired                                              Indefatigable
A letter, poem, etc. whose author is unknown                              Anonymous
Work for which no salary is paid                                          Honorary
One who looks at the bright side of things                                Optimist
One who cannot read or write                                              Illiterate
A game or battle in which neither party wins                              Draw
Holding established opinions                                              Orthodox
Hater of women                                                            Misogynist
The study of the origin and physical and cultural development of mankind  Anthropology
The science which studies the crust of the earth                          Geology
The science which studies animals                                         Zoology
 EXERCISE--------

One-Word Substitution (MCQ )

1. A house for storing grains
(1) Cellar
(2) Store
(3) Godown
(4) Granary
(5) None of these

2. A name adopted by an author in his writings
(1) Title
(2) Nomenclature
(3) Nickname
(4) Pseudonym
(5) None of these

3. Through which light cannot pass
(1) Dull
(2) Dark
(3) Obscure
(4) Opaque
(5) None of these

4. Stealing from the writings of others
(1) Copyright
(2) Reframing
(3) Reproducing
(4) Plagiarism
(5) None of these

5. A short stay at a place
(1) Halt
(2) Interlude
(3) Intermission
(4) Sojourn
(5) None of these

6. Constant effort to achieve something
(1) Perseverance
(2) Attempt
(3) Enthusiasm
(4) Vigour
(5) None of these

7. A person not sure of the existence of God
(1) Theist
(2) Atheist
(3) Agnostic
(4) Cynic
(5) None of these

8. Design made by putting together coloured pieces of glass or stones
(1) Oleograph
(2) Mosaic
(3) Tracery
(4) Relief
(5) None of these

9. A person who travels to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion
(1) Hermit
(2) Pilgrim
(3) Saint
(4) Merchant
(5) None of these

10. Food which agrees with one's taste
(1) Pungent
(2) Palatable
(3) Sensuous
(4) Edible
(5) None of these
Antonyms & Synonyms
Synonyms
A
  • Abandon : Leave, forsake.
  • Abridge : Shorten, curtail.
  • Abundant : Plentiful.
B
  • Behaviour : Demeanour.
  • Bias : Predilection.
  • Brutal : Savage, cruel.
C
  • Callous : Hard, cruel.
  • Calm : Quiet, tranquil.
  • Casual : Uncertain.
D
  • Damage : Loss, harm, injury.
  • Decorate : Adron, embellish.
  • Deformity : Malformation, disfigurement.
E
  • Earnest : Serious, solemn.
  • Emergency : Exigency.
  • Exceptional : Unusual, rare.
F
  • False : Untrue, spurious.
  • Fascinate : Charm, enchant.
  • Ferocious : Fierce, savage.
G
  • Geniune : Real.
  • Gigantic : Colossal, great.
  • Guilt : Sin, crime.
H
  • Haughty : Arrogant, proud.
  • Hazardous : Dangerous, risky, perilous.
  • Humility : Modesty, politeness.
I
  • Illiterate : Unlearned, ignorant.
  • Imperious : Authoritative, dictatorial.
  • Impertinent : Impudent, insolent, shameless.
J
  • Jolly : Jovial, merry.
  • Judicious : Discreet, prudent.
K
  • Knavery : Fraud.
L
  • Laborious : Assiduous, industrious.
  • Lament : Grieve, mourn.
  • Lethargy : Sluggishness.
M
  • Magnificent : Splendid, grand.
  • Marvellous : Wonderful.
  • Meagre : Small.
N
  • Nice : Pleasant, agreeable.
  • Notable : Remarkable, memorable.
  • Notorious : Infamous.
O
  • Obliterate : Destory, efface.
  • Obsolete : Antiquated.
  • Opportune : Timely.
P
  • Pensive : Thoughtful.
  • Perennial : Permanent, perpetual.
  • Persuade : Induce, urge.
Q
  • Quaint : Queer, odd, singular.
  • Queer : Strange, odd.
  • Questionable : Doubtful.
R
  • Radiant : Bright, brilliant.
  • Refined : Elegant.
  • Rejoice : Delight.
S
  • Sacred : Holy, consecrated, pious.
  • Satiate : Satisfy.
  • Scanty : Slender, meagre.
T
  • Talkative : Garrulous.
  • Temperate : Moderate.
  • Thankful : Grateful, obliged.
U
  • Ugly : Repulsive.
  • Urbane : Polite, courteous, suave.
  • Urge : Press, incite.
V
  • Vacillatge : Waver
  • Venerable : Respectable.
  • Vigilance : Watchfulness.
W
  • Wealthy : Rich.
  • Wickedness : Evil.
  • Wild : Savage.
Y
  • Yield : Surrender
  • Yielding : Submissive.
Z
  • Zeal : Passion.
  • Zenith : Top, summit.
Antonyms
A
Ability : Disability.
Accept : Reject, refuse.
Acquit : Convict.
B
Barbarous : Civilized.
Barren : Fertile.
Base : Noble.
C
Callous : Soft, tender.
Care : Neglect.
Censure : Praise, applaud.
D
Danger : Safety.
Deep : Shallow.
Delight : Despleasure, sorrow.
E
Early : Late.
Elevation : Depression.
Emancipate : Enslave.
F
Fabulous : Actual, real.
Failure : Success.
Fickle : Constant.
G
Gain : Loss.
Genuine : False.
Gloomy : Gay.
H
Happiness : Sorrow, sadness.
Help : Hinder.
Honour : Dishonour, shame.
I
Imperative : Optional.
Increase : Decrease.
Inhale : Exhale.
J
Joyful : Sad, depressed.
Junior : Senior.
Justice : Injustice.
K
Kind : Cruel.
Knowledge : Ignorance.
L
Lack : Plenty.
Legal : Illegal.
Legible : Illegible.
M
Mad : Sane.
Malice : Goodwill.
Master : Servant.
N
Natural : Artificial.
Noble : Base, Ignoble.
Normal : Abnormal.
O
Obstinate : Yielding.
Offensive : Pleasing, defensive.
Optional : Compulsory.
P
Part (n) : Yielding.
Part (v) : Join.
Particular : General.
Q
Quick : Slow, tardy.
R
Raise : Lower.
Rash : Steady, cautious.
Rear : Front.
S
Sacred : Unholy, profane.
Satisfaction : Dissatisfaction.
Scanty : Plentiful.
T
Tedious : Lively.
Temperate : Intemperate.
Thankful : Thankless.
U
Ugly : Beautiful.
Union : Disunion, discord, split.
Urban : Rural.
V
Vain : Modest.
Violent : Gentle.
Virtue : Vice.
W
Wane : Wax
Want : Abundance.
War : Peace.
Y
Yield : Resist.
Youth : Age.
Z
Zeal : Indifference.
Zenith : Nadir.
EXERCISE-------

Antonyms & Synonyms (MCQ )

Directions (Q. No. 1-10): In this section each item consists of a word or a phrase which is bold in the sentence given. It is followed by four words or phares. Selecte the word or phrase which is closest to the opposite in meaning of the bold word or phrase.
1. The world media has tended to focus far more upon occasional discord than on our spectacular achievements.
(1) Tranquillity
(2) Harmony
(3) Failure
(4) Confusion
(5) None of these

2. The evidence Indira gave in support of her theory was quite copious.
(1) Unsatisfactory
(2) Unconvincing
(3) Poor
(4) Scanty
(5) None of these

3. Self-reproach is not always very good thing.
(1) Self-esteem
(2) Self-assurance
(3) Self-justification
(4) Self-satisfaction
(5) None of these

4. The dictator quelled the uprising.
(1) Fostered
(2) Defended
(3) Supported
(4) Fomented
(5) None of these

5. The drug gave him instant relief from pain.
(1) Final
(2) Complete
(3) Genuine
(4) Delayed
(5) None of these

6. His radical views made him unpopular.
(1) Conservative
(2) Narrow
(3) Outmoded
(4) Childish
(5) None of these

7. The Indian cricketers put up a dismal performance in Australia.
(1) Cheerful
(2) Spirited
(3) Bright
(4) Memorable
(5) None of these

8. He was poor and arrogant.
(1) Modest
(2) Obedient
(3) Timid
(4) Earnest
(5) None of these

9. The injection was given to the patient to alleviate the pain.
(1) Elevate
(2) Sharpen
(3) Aggravate
(4) Promote
(5) None of these

10. There is quite tenuous evidence for it.
(1) Substantial
(2) Enough
(3) Reasonable
(4) Ample
(5) None of these


Idioms and Phrases
Back out — to withdraw from a promise, contract : I felt grieved when he backed out of his promise to help me.
Back up — to support; to sustain : He backed up his report with relevant statistics.
Bear upon — to be relevant to : This argument does not bear upon the subject under discussion.
Blow up — to explode : The mine blew up and all the labourers working inside were killed.
— to reprimand or scold : If you continue to be negligent, the teacher will blow you up.
Break down — of a car; a piece of machinery; to go wrong so that it will not function : The car broke down on our way to Mumbai.
— to collapse; to succumb to uncontrollable weeping : She broke down completely on hearing the news of her husband's death.
— to succumb to a nervous collapse through overwork or worry : He worked so hard that his health broke down near the examination.
Break off — to end; to discontinue; to desist : We had to break off our conversation when he arrived. She broke off in the middle of the story. She did not like his nature and broke off the engagement.
Break up — to disperse; to dissolve : The college will break up for the Puja holidays on 25th October. The meeting will break up after the President has addressed the audience.
Bring up — to rear : Those brought up in adversity are able to cope with life better.
Call forth — to provoke : The minister's views on the disinvestment policy of the government called forth a good deal of bitter criticism.
Call out — to shout : I called out to him but he disappeared in the dark.
— to announce by calling or shouting : The Manager called out to the peon that he was being immediately fired.
Call upon — to order; to require : I was unfortunately called upon to give evidence against him.
Carry on — to continue : If you carry on working hard, your business will soon flourish.
— to manage : He carried on his business so well that he soon amassed a huge fortune.
Cast away — to throw aside : You must cast away all your apprehensions and accept the offer.
Catch up with — to overtake; to draw level : Last week I had to stay late at the office to catch up with some pending files.
Come off — to take place : The prize distribution came off on Tuesday last.
— to turn out successful : His speeches at the conference always came off beautifully.
Cry down — to deprecate; to make little of : You must not unneccessarily cry down the conduct of others.
Cry out against — to complain loudly against : The opposition parties cried out against the fast pace of the globalisation of the Indian economy.
Cut out — designed for : Your were cut out to be a lecturer in a college.
Drop in — to visit casually : On my way to the college, I dropped in at Mira's place.
Drop out — As the race progressed, many children dropped out.
Fall back — to recede; to retreat : On seeing the armed guards, the civilians fell back.
Fall down — from a higher position to a lower one : The branch gave way and he fell down into the canal.
Fall off — to withdraw; to drop off : Some of our subscribers have fallen off. Friends fall off in adversity.
Fall under — to come under : This colony does not fall under my jurisdiction.
Get along — to prosper; to progress; to proceed : Well, doctor, how is your patient getting along? It is simply impossible to get along with him.
Get on with — to live pleasantly together; to progress : How are you getting on with your studies?
Get into — to be involved in : It is easy to get into scandals but hard to come out unscathed.
Give in — to surrender; to yield : I gave into her repeated requests and accepted the offer.
Give over — not to do any longer : It is time you gave over pretending that you have access to the Prime Minister.
Go after — to follow; to pursue : The policeman went after the thief but the latter managed to escape in the dark of the night.
Go down — to be accepted : The terrorist attack on WTC will go down in history as one of the worst acts of terrorism.
Go without — to remain without : he is so poor that sometimes he has to go without food.
Go by — to follow : I am sorry to disappoint you but we have to go by the rules.
— to elapse (used of time) : Months have gone by but I have not called upon him.
Hang about — to loiter near a place : Last evening I say your friend hanging about your house.
Hang upon — to depend upon : The success of any venture hangs upon the seriousness with which it is undertaken.
Hold out — to endure; to refuse to yield : How long can you hold out against starvation?
— to continue : Sugar stocks are not likely to hold out very long.
— to offer : She held out her hand to the Prince.
Hold to — abide by : Whatever resistance there might be, I will hold to my decision.
Keep off — to ward off : His stern looks keep off the flatterers.
— to maintain : They have been trying to keep up their standard of living though there has been a considerable decline in their income.
Keep up with — to keep pace with : You read too fast; I cannot keep up with you.
Knock out — to win by hitting the opponent insensible in a boxing bout : The challenger was knocked out in two minutes.
EXERCISE-------

Idioms and Phrases (MCQ )

1. Anurag has made a laughing stock of the braggart:
(1) Foolish
(2) Laugh
(3) Laughing store-house
(4) Look ridiculous
(5) none of these

2. The two women are so jealous that at the drop of a hat they start insulting each other:
(1) When hat falls
(2) When any one drops a hat
(3) For no reason at all
(4) One every occasion
(5) none of these

3. To bite the dust
(1) To be defeated in battle
(2) To learn a lesson
(3) To be ashmed of
(4) To work very hard (5) none of these

4. Between the devil and the deep sea
(1) in a dilemma
(2) a man who is drowing
(3) to be evil-tempered
(4) a deep sea diver
(5) none of these

5. His oily tongue has won him promotion.
(1) flattery
(2) soft speech
(3) word power
(4) fluency in speech
(5) none of these

6. He cannot win the election, it is a wild goose chase.
(1) useless effort
(2) good effort
(3) desperate effort
(4) baseless effort
(5) none of these

7. The casting vote of the chairman clinched the issue.
(1) decided
(2) started
(3) finished
(4) closed
(5) none of these

8. He cannot make both ends meet.
(1) control affairs
(2) earn enough
(3) work hard
(4) manage the business
(5) none of these

9. He is in the habit of chewing the cud.
(1) forgeting things
(2) accusing others
(3) to muse on
(4) crying over split milk
(5) none of these

Sentence Correction (MCQ )

1. The adaptation of mammals to almost all possible 
                               (1)
modes of life parallels the reptiles in the 
                       (2)
Mesozoic time, and except for greater intelligence,
 
(3) 
the mammals do not seem to have done much better than corresponding reptilian 
                                      (4)
forms. No error
        (5)  
2. Sancho ran as fast as he could walk to help his 
                  (1)            (2)
master whom he found lying on the ground and 
               (3)
not able to stir, such a blow he and Rozinante 
        (4) 
had received. No error
               (5) 
3. As Caesar loved me, I wept for him, as he was fortunate I rejoice at it. No error
        (1)            (2)            (3)                    (4)            (5)
4. The people of Orleans, when they first saw her in their city thought she was an angel. No error
               (1)              (2)                  (3)                (4)              (5) 
5. Chemical compounds with barium, cobalt and strontium are responsible to many of the vivid  colour in fireworks. No error
                       (1)                             (2)               (3)        

Sentence Arrangements (MCQ )

1. A. Humour gives you the opportunity to exaggerate a point which is presumably why it is best remembered.
B. Using humour can be not just the most arduous route but the joke may fail to cause a flutter.
C. But a warming here: humour has to be funny.
D. Everyone with a successful humour advertisement agress that they are very careful about the script.

(1) DCBA
(2) ACDB
(3) ACBD
(4) ABDC
(5) None of these

2. A. Guruji had been undergoing a terrific strain for over five decades in devoting his body, mind, heart, and soul to the causes of service to humanity and the spread of spiritual enlightenment.
B. The excessive strain of long tour abroad came as a severe low to his health, but he still refused to rest, continuing his studies, talks and writings with unabated vigour and enthusiasm.
C. This had already undermined his health but he was never one to reserve any time or attention to his own well being.
D. In fact it required great vigilance to prevent him from giving advice and blessings to his devotees and disciples even when he could hardly speak on account of the strain.

(1) ABCD
(2) BADC
(3) BDAC
(4) ACBD
(5) None of these

3. A. A totally personal agenda will never bring about this level of fulfillment because that has to result from integration – and not be a substitute for it.
B. One's consciousness then becomes centred in the identity of the soul.
C. Realising ourselves and our potential entails becoming a pure reflection and manifestation of the inner self.
D. Since the soul lives by different laws and values, there is a fundamental conflict in human nature that must be resolved if integration and fulfilment is to be complete.

(1) DCAB
(2) ABCD
(3) CBDA
(4) CABD
(5) None of these

4. A. Time will be called out not just by bartenders but also by gambling machines in the Australian state of Victoria.
B. TS Eliot would have got a poem out of this.
C. Natural lighting has also been made mandatory in some casmos so that fully addicted punters do not mistake the fluorescent lighting for some kind Alladin's lamp that can summon a Djinn to take care of home and hearth.
D. From July 4, clocks will be fitted to 27,500 gambling machines down under to remind punters that it's time to return home and tend to their familiar obligations.

(1) DACB
(2) DABC
(3) CABD
(4) BADC
(5) None of these

5. A. Naturally, the committee assumes that anybody interested in national heritage is fluent in Latin.
B. So avers the National Heritage committee's new report, recalling the inscription in memory of Sir Christopher Wren.
C. But for those readers whose classics are a bit rusty, it translates as: "If you seek a monument to him, look about you".
D. "Si momentum requires, circumstance".

(1) BCAD
(2) DBAC
(3) DCBA
(4) ADCB
(5) None of these

6. A. In India, home to 2,500-3, 750 tigers (half the world's total), they are being poached at the rate of at least one a day.
B. The threat has, however, sparked off another, though smaller, crisis – a spate of recriminations between conservations organisations.
C. As anyone with a letter-box, a TV set and an environmental consceience will know, the tiger may soon be extinct in the wild.
D. It does't take a mathematician to work out that, if those rates continue, there may be no Bengal tigers left outside zoos, within a decade.

(1) DCBA
(2) CDBA
(3) CBAD
(4) CADB
(5) None of these

7. A. Malignancies were diagnosed in three family members on the basis of this abnormality and then surgically removed.
B. It appears to be the first instance in which this specific abnormality – in this case an exchange of material between the chromosomes number three and eight in all cells of the person's body – has been traced from generation to generation and thus permitted identification of cancer patients before they had any symptoms.
C. An inherited genetic abnormality has been linked to a specific type of kidney cancer in a family in which ten members were affected over three generations.
D. The discovery by scientists at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, USA, provides a potentially important clue to the origin of at least some cancers.

(1) DCAB
(2) CBDA
(3) ABCD
(4) DABC
(5) None of these

8. A. In what has since become the first, legendary tale of computer forensics, Dr. Stoll spent a year of meticulous work tracking and recording the hacker's movements.
B. This was an intriguing problem for Clifford Stoll.
C. In August 1986, an astronomer at the University of California, noticed a 75 percent discrepancy in the accounts for a computer in his library.
D. When he investigated, he found that somebody had broken into his computer and used it for a short time without permission just enough to unbalance the accounts.

(1) CABD
(2) CBDA
(3) CBAD
(4) CDBA
(5) None of these

9. A. A curved titanium plate with five tiny screws would hold the bone in place and help reform the damaged margin of the eye.
B. Deftly, he replaced the wedge of bone in Tenneh's face.
C. Intravenous antibiotics would take care of any lingering infection.
D. When he'd eliminated most of the diseased tissue, he stopped.

(1) ABCD
(2) DCAB
(3) DCBA
(4) ACBD
(5) None of these

Analogy (MCQ)

Direction (Q. No. 1-9): Each of the questions consists of two capitalised words which have a certain relationship to each other. Followed by four pairs of words. Choose the pair that is related to each other in the same way as the capitalised pair.
1. PEST : IRKSOME
(1) salesclerk : courteous
(2) expert : proficient
(3) enigma : unexpected
(4) leader : non-descript
(5) None of these

2. PROLOGUE : NOVEL
(1) preamble : constitution
(2) sketch : drawing
(3) movement : symphony
(4) index : book
(5) None of these

3. EXPAND : VOLUME
(1) ascent : flight
(2) proliferate : number
(3) bend : flexibility
(4) cool : temperature
(5) None of these

4. RUST : CORROSION
(1) vapour : flammability
(2) dew : condensation
(3) crystal : purification
(4) solution : precipitation
(5) None of these

5. CLAIM : LEGITIMATED
(1) hypothesis : confirmed
(2) verdict : appealed
(3) counterargument : doubted
(4) proposition : repeated
(5) None of these

6. CRIME : PUNISHMENT
(1) lawyer : judge
(2) court : room
(3) accused : defendant
(4) homicide : penalty
(5) None of these

7. NUTS : BOLTS
(1) nitty : gritty
(2) bare : feet
(3) naked : clothed
(4) hard : soft
(5) None of these

8. BEE : HONEY
(1) wolf : cub
(2) spider : web
(3) goat : cheese
(4) ant : hill
(5) None of these

9. TRANSISTOR : RADIO
(1) sound : stereo
(2) sand : grains
(3) awl : wrench
(4) cement : driveway
(5) None of these

Comprehension

Directions (Q.1–11): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words are printed in bold in the passage to help you locate them while answering some of the questions.
What is immediately needed today is the establishement of a Wrold Government or an International Federation of mankind. It is the utmost necessity of the world today, and all those persons who wish to see all human beings happy and prosperous naturally feel it keenly. Of course, at times we feel that many of the problem of our political, social, linguistic and cultural life would come to an end if there were one Govenment all ovet the world. Travellers, businessmen, seekers of knowledge and teachers of righteousness knowvery well that great impediments and obstructions are faced by them when they pass from one country to another, exchange goods, get information, and make an efforts to spread their good gospel among their fellow-men. In the past, religious sects divided one set of people against another, colour of skin or shape of the body set one against the other.
But today when philosophical light has exploded the darkness that was created by religious differences, and when scientific knowledge has flasified the superstitions, they have enabled human beings of all religious views and of all races and colours to come in frequent contactwith one another . It is the governments of various countries that keep poeple of one country apart from, those of another. They create artificial barriers, unnatural distinctions, unhealthy isolation, unnecessary fears and dangers in theminds of common menwho by their naturewant to live in friendshipwith their fellow-men.But all these evilswould cease to exist if there were one Government all over the world.
1. What divides people of a country against another?
(a) Different religions
(b) Different language
(c) Different social and political systems of different people
(d) Government of various countries

2. What is the urgent heed of the world today?
(a) The establishment of an international economic order.
(b) The establishment of a world government.
(c) The creation of a cultural international social order.
(d) The raising of an international spiritual army.

3. What will the world Government be expected to do?
(a) it will arrange for interplanetary contacts
(b) it will end all wars for all time to come
(c) it will bring about a moral regeneration of mankind
(d) it will kill the evil spirit inman

4. Choose the word which is SIMILAR in meaning as the word "righteousness" as used in the passage.
(a) rectitude (b) religiosity
(c) requirement (d) scrupulousness5. Which of the following problems has not been mentioned in the passage as likely to be solved with the establishment of world Government?
(a) Social Problems (b) Political Problems
(c) Cultural Problems (d) Economic Problems

6. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word 'implediments' as used in the passage.
(a) handicaps (b) furtherance
(c) providence (d) hindrances

7. The most appropriate title of the above passage may be ...........
(a) The evils of the world order.
(b) The man can make his destiny.
(c) The need of world Government.
(d) The role of Religion in theModern Times.

8. What was the factor, according to the passage, that set one man against another?
(a) Material prosperity of certain people in the midst of grinding poverty.
(b) Superior physical strength of some persons.
(c) Colour of skin or shape of the body.
(d) Some people being educated and other illiterate.

9. The theory of racial superiority stands falsified today by ........
(a) knowledge derived from scientific advances.
(b) the ascendancy of peoplewhowere here to fore considered of inferior racial stock.
(c) the achievements of the so called backward countries in every field of life.
(d) the precedence given to the physical powers of different races.

10. In the part religious sects .............
(a) united the people with one another.
(b) Interfered in political affairs.
(c) did a good job by way of spreading message of
love and peace.
(d) divided one set of people from another.

Comprehension (MCQ )

The window offered a view of the house opposite. The two families did not speak to each other because of a property dispute. One day, Ruchira's textbooks lay untouched as the young girl's gaze was on the happenings in the house opposite. There were two new faces in the neighbouring household – that of an elderly widow and a girls aged sixteen. Some times the elderly lady would sit by the window, doing the young girl's hair. On other days she was absent.
The new young neighbour's daily routine could be seen through the window – she cleaned the rice paddy; split nuts, put the cushions in the sun to air them. In the afternoons while the men were all at world some of the women slept and others played cards. The girl sat on the terrace and read. Sometimes she wrote. One day there was hindrance. She was writing when the elderly woman snatched the unfinished letter from her hands. Thereafter the girl was not to be seen on the terrace. Sometimes during the day sounds came from the house indicating that a massive argument was going on inside.
A few days passed. One evening Ruchira noticed the girl standing on the terrace in tears. The evening prayer was in progress. As she did daily, the girl bowed several times in prayer. Then she went downstairs.
That night Ruchira wrote a letter. She went out and posted it that very instant. But as she lay in bed that night, she prayed fervently that her offer of friendship wouldn't reach its destination. Ruchira then left for Madhupur and returned when it was time for college to start. She found the house opposite in darkness, locked. They had left.

When she stepped into her room she found the desk piled with letters – one had a local stamp on it with her name and address in unfamiliar handwriting. She quickly read it. They continued to write to each other for the next twenty years.
1. Why did Ruchira write a letter to her new neighbour?
(1) She wanted to offer her, her help.
(2) She wanted to be friends with her.
(3) To apologize for her family's behaviour towards her family.
(4) To encourage her to continue learning to read and write.
(5) None of these

2. Which of the following can be said about Ruchira?
(1) She used to spy on her neighbours because she didn't trust them.
(2) She was at home because she was studying.
(3) She did not speak to her neighbours because they did not own property.

(1) None
(2) Only (2)
(3) Both (1) & (2)
(4) Only (3)
(5) All of these

3. How did the new young neighbour spend her days?
(1) She was busy writing letters to Ruchira.
(2) She used to daydream about her past experiences.
(3) She would attend to the needs of the widow.
(4) She spent her time learning to read and write.
(5) None of these

4. Why was the young neighbour prevented from sitting on the terrace?
(1) She used to while away her time instead of working
(2) The old woman could no longer keep an eye on her.
(3) She had not finished writing the letter she was asked to.
(4) She had been writing a letter which she wasn't supposed to.
(5) None of these

5. What was the major argument in the house about?
(1) There were too many people living there, which resulted in arguments.
(2) The young girl was insisting on attending college.
(3) The young girl had been wasting her time instead of working.
(4) The old woman did not guard the young girl closely.
(5) None of these

6. Which of the following is TRUE in the context of the passage?
(1) The young girl was very devout and prayed everyday.
(2) Only two letters were exchanged between the two girls.
(3) The new young neighbour was a servant.
(4) The afternoon was a time to relax for everyone.
(5) None of these

7. Why did the young girl wish that the letter would not reach its destination?
(1) She was going away and would not be able to see if her neighbour was glad to receive it.
(2) She was afraid that it would lead to a quarrel between the two families.
(3) She was afraid that her neighbour would be angry when she received her letter.

(1) None
(2) Only (1)
(3) Only (3)
(4) Both (2) & (3)
(5) All of these

Directions (Q.8-10): Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the world printed in bold as used in the passage.
8. Hindrance
(1) handicapped
(2) delay
(3) interruption
(4) difficult
(5) None of these

9. Offered
(1) forward
(2) willing
(3) volunteered
(4) provided
(5) None of these

10. Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word piled as used in the passage.
(1) low
(2) empty
(3) blank
(4) nothing
(5) None of these

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, four words are suggested. One of which fills the blank appropriately. Find out appropriate word in each case.
The Reserve Bank has taken a bold (46) in the development of money, the government securities and the foreign exchange markets in (47) of their critical role in overall growth and development of the economy and (48) in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. The approach has been one of simultaneous movements on several fronts, graduated and callibrated, with an (49) on institutional and infrastructural development and  improvements in market microstructure. The pace of reforms was contingent (50) putting in place appropriate systems and procedures, technologies and market practices. Initiatives taken by the Reserve Bank have brought about a (51) transformation of various segments of the financial market. These developments by improving the depth and liquidity in domestic financial markets have (52) to better price discovery of interest rates and exchange rates, which, in turn, hae led to greater (53) in resource allocation in the economy. The increase in size and depth of financial market has (54) the way for (55) use of indirect instruments.
1. (1) interest
(2) participation
(3) step
(4) role
(5) None of these
2. (1) point
(2) tune
(3) view
(4) pursuit
(5) None of these
3. (1) decisively
(2) reluctantly
(3) visibly
(4) particularly
(5) None of these
4. (1) equilibrium
(2) emphasis
(3) appeasement
(4) overload
(5) None of these
5. (1) by
(2) for
(3) against
(4) upon
(5) None of these
6. (1) trivial
(2) jubilant
(3) fastidious
(4) significant
(5) None of these
7. (1) addressed
(2) contributed
(3) initiated
(4) evolved
(5) None of these
8. (1) measures
(2) activism
(3) debacle
(4) efficiency
(5) None of these
9. (1) paved
(2) repaired
(3) dug
(4) elevated
(5) None of these
10. (1) revolutionised
(2) indiscriminate
(3) flexible
(4) arbitrary
(5) None of these
Answers:
1. (3 ) 2. (4) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (4) 6. (4) 6. (2) 7. (1) 8. (1) 9. (3) 10.(3)
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